Power System Network

First we need to understand the power system network. Understanding the basics of power system will give a strong background that will be useful in understanding advanced topics in power system protection. To start with, power system network consists of Generation, Transmission and Distribution. Let's define each of them.

1. Generation -  Generator from power plants (e.g. Geothermal, Hyrdo, Combined Cycle) power plants produces power and connected to a bus bar system through a transformer to step up generated power to high voltage. An example is 10.5kV stepped up to 132kV or 400kV. This is just one example. This varies from different country around the world depending on their standards.

2. Transmission - A transmission system consists of High Voltage substations and Overhead Lines. Power from generating plants are sent to different load centers through overhead lines. This is where our focus of protection will be. The overhead lines are connected to the Busbar system in the substations through circuit breakers or load break switches.Transformers in the substations are converted from high voltage to low voltage (400kV to 132kV or 132kV to 11kV) to the distribution network.


3. Distribution - This is the LV side of the network (11kV) and connected to the distribution system. the LV side of the transformer is the incomer to the distribution network and connected to the distribution bus through circuit breaker.

Based on the above concepts, electricity standards varies from different countries. It will be an advantage knowing them once you continue in protection studies. 

There are many sources that summarizes and compares electricity standards. What are the advantages and disadvantages and so on. 


Check this reference material this will be a great resource. ()